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ABSTRACT 

Spatial configuration of landscape structure significantly influences various 

ecological processes and landscape dynamic strongly changes habitat suitability of 
species. Ecological landscape planning that account habitat trade-off among species can 
provide useful recommendations for decision making in landscape planning, especially in 
agricultural ecosystems. We applied a genetic algorithm based spatial optimization tool, 
termed Land-Use Pattern Optimisation Library (LUPOlib), to a multi-objective landscape 
planning intended to protect three bird species that has distinct habitat preference (Vivid 
Niltava, Brownish-flanked Bush-warbler, and Green-backed Tit) in the highland 
experimental farm at National Taiwan University (HEF, NTU). Our results showed the 
three focal species had distinct and conflict habitat preferences. Vivid Niltava preferred 
small patches of forest embedded in the agricultural landscape, Brownish-flanked 
Bush-warbler preferred edges of open areas, and Green-backed Tit prefer large patches of 
broadleaf forests. We conducted an overlapping analysis of the inferior solutions to 
demonstrate the spatial distributions of the irreplaceability of each replaceable land-use 
type. The farmlands in the eastside of HEF provided critical habitat for Brownish-flanked 
Bush-warbler and thus had high irreplaceability. The west side of HEF was suitable to 
restore some small forest patches for Vivid Niltava. Also the broadleaf forests in 
southeastern HEF had high irreplaceability and could be improved by restoring broadleaf 
forests to connect current forest patches for Green-backed Tit. In conclusion, the 
multi-objective analysis can effectively support the decision-making process of landscape 
planning with respect to ecological compensation or habitat restoration.

 

Keywords: Agricultural environments, Landscape Ecological planning, Land-Use 

Pattern Optimisation Library (LUPOlib), Multi-objective planning, Conservation 
of birds. 

 

 

 

(landscape ecology)

(spatial patterns)
(

2001)

(landscape)

(patch)

(corridor)

(matrix) (Forman and Gordon,19862001

2002)

(connectivity)(dominance)

(fractal dimension)

(USEPA, 1994Aspinall and Pearson, 2000

2011)

(landscape modification)

(habitat restoration)

(ecological compensation)

(composition)